What is RAID in Linux?

 Definition of  RAID:-

>> RAID stands for "Redundant Array of Independent Disks" or "Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks".

>> RAID allows you to use multiple physical hard drives into a single logical hard drive.

>>  It is a process which is used to store data in parity form.

>> There are two types of RAID- Hardware RAID and Software RAID.

Hardware RAID:-          Hardware RAID is a physical storage device which is built from multiple hard disks. While connecting with system all disks appears as a single SCSI disk in system. From system points of view there is no difference between a regular SCSI disk and a Hardware RAID device. System can use hardware RAID device as a single SCSI disk.

Hardware RAID has its own independent disk subsystem and resources. It does not use any resources from system such as power, RAM and CPU. Hardware RAID does not put any extra load in system. Since it has its own dedicate resources, it provides high performance.

Software RAID:-            Software RAID is a logical storage device which is built from attached disks in system. It uses all resources from system. It work slow performance but not expensive process.

Type of RAID:-

>> There are basically 5 type of RAID.

RAID LEVEL 0 – Striping

RAID LEVEL 1 – Mirroring

RAID LEVEL 5 – Striping with parity

RAID LEVEL 6 – Striping with Double parity

RAID LEVEL 10 – Combining mirroring and striping

Disk requirement for RAID Levels:-

RAID Level 0 = 2 HDD Required

RAID Level 1 = 2 HDD Required

RAID Level 5 =  At least 3 HDD required

RAID Level 6 = At least 4 HDD required

RAID Level 10 = At least 4 HDD required ( Combination of RAID 0 & RAID 1)

 

Simple Volume:- It can support Min & Max. 1 Hard disk .

Spanned Volume:- it can support Min. 2 and Max. 32 Hard disk. We can use different-2 space all hard disk.

It doesn't support fault tolerance feature.  If any drive failed data will be lost and must be restored.

 

RAID Level 0 = It striped volume. it can support Min 2 & Max. 32 Hard Disk Drive to create a single volume but in all hard disk. We will be use same space. It doesn't support fault tolerance feature. it's reading & writing speed fast comparison of spanned volume. It is also Called RAID 0 striped without parity.

RAID Level 1 = It can support Min. & Max. 2 Hard disk and in both hard disk there should be same space end in my computer show total hard disk.

It will store data in both hard disk. It supports fault tolerance feature.

RAID Level 5 = It is redundant array independent array expensive disk. It is data storing method in RAID 5 Volume. It will store the data as well as parity.

What is Parity?

It will store the data in compares form if any hard disk is corrupted then it will calculate volume of the data with the help of parity and we can recover the data in RAID 5 volume. It supports Min. 3 & Max. 32 Hard Disk.

RAID Level 6 =  It stores the data in striping with double parity form. RAID 6 is like RAID 5 but the parity data are written to two drives. RAID 6 read data transactions are very fast like RAID 5

If two drives fail you still have access to all data even while the failed drives are being replaced. So RAID 6 is more secure than RAID 5


RAID Level 10 = It is combination of RAID 1 & RAID 0. This is a nested or hybrid RAID configuration. It provides security by mirroring all data on secondary drives while used striping across each set of drives to speed up data transfers.

If something goes wrong with one of the disks in a RAID 10 configuration, the rebuild time is very fast since all that is needed is copying all the data from the surviving mirror to a new drive. This can take as little as 30 minutes for drives of  1 TB.


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