What is Open Systems Interconnection Model (OSI Model)?
OSI MODEL/OSI LAYERS
(Open System
Interconnection)
=> It is a blue print architecture which is followed when two devices communicates with each other and data is transmitted from one to other is called OSI Layers (Open System Interconnection).
=> It is developed by ISO (International Organization of Standardization)
=> It contains seven layers to complete transmission.
=> Each layer attach a header except Physical Layer.
=> Each layer can communicate with its above and below layer.
Header:- (Communication Information)
7. APPLICATION LAYER
6. PRESENTATION LAYER
5. SESSION LAYER
4. TRANSPORT LAYER
3. NETWORK LAYER
2. DATALINK LAYER
1. PHYSICAL LAYER
NOTE:- 7 TO 1 -> Sender , 1TO 7 -> Receiver
APPLICATION LAYER:-
At this layer user access web page to send some request API(Application Programmer Interface).
Some of the common application layer protocols are--
HTTPS-> Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HTTPS-> Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure
TFTP-> Trivial File Transfer Protocol
DNS-> Domain Name System/Server
DHCP-> Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
WINS-> Windows Internet Name Service
Tellnet-> Tellnet
PRESENTATION LAYERS:-
Data is converted in a universal form which is understandable by all the OS.
TEXT --- ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
MOVIE --- MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group)
PHOTO--- JPEG (Junior Photo Expert Group)
MUSIC --- MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
SESSION LAYERS:-
At this layer a session is established between sender and receiver.
It defines which device is communicated with which devices.
Protocol:-
SQL:- Structured Query Language
NFS:- Network File System
RPD:- Remote Procedure Call
TRANSPORT LAYERS:-
At this layer data is divided into small chunks that is called segment.
This Layer provide relivable communication.
It repairs the corrupted data.
It is called error correction layer.
Protocol works on this Layer:-
TCP UDP
Transmission Control Protocol User Datagram Protocol
Connection oriented protocol Connection Less Protocol
Reliable communication Unreliable communication
Send Acknowledgement Don't Send acknowledgement
Use more bandwidth Use less bandwidth
Three way communication Two way communication
NODE A NODE B
10.0.0.3 10.0.0.2
|
SOURCE DESTINATION 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3 |
At this layer segment is converted into packet.
Segment is attached with logical addressing on this layer.
Source and destination IP address is attached with segment .
Router works on this layer and Layer 3 Switch works.
PROTOCOL:
ICMP:- Internet Control Messaging Protocol
IGMP:- Internet Group Messaging Protocol
IP:- Internet Protocol
ARP:- Address resolution Protocol
DATA LINK LAYER:-
Packet is converted into frame.
Source and destination MAC address is attached with PACKET.
It is called error detection layer also.
Switch works on this layer.
Sub Layer of Data Link Layer:-
LLC:- (Logical Link Control)- It checks the links at a regular interval.
MAC:-(Media Access Control)- It provides the source MAC and destination MAC address.
|
SOURCE MAC |
DESTINATION MAC |
|
SOURCE IP |
DESTINATION IP |
PHYSICAL LAYERS:-
Data travels with physical medium.
FRAME is converted into bits and byte.
HUB works on this layers.
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