What is DHCP?


What is DHCP?

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

It is used to provide automatically IP address in network server to client. that is called DHCP. It is  a network management protocol used on UDP/IP networks whereby a DHCP server dynamically assigns an IP address and other network configuration parameters to each device on a network so they can communicate with other IP networks.

DHCP runs at the application layer of the Transmission Control Protocol/IP (TCP/IP) protocol stack to dynamically assign IP Addresses to DHCP clients and to allocate TCP/IP configuration information to DHCP clients. This includes subnet mask information, default gateway. IP addresses and domain name system (DNS) addresses.


When it's provide IP address in network. This process known as DORA (DISCOVERY OFFER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE) process.

DHCP Port No. for Server--67

DHCP Port No. for Client-- 68



 DHCP Scope: - A DHCP scope is a range of IP Addresses in the DHCP Server Who leases the IP address to DHCP Client in the network. There are three types of Scopes:

1.  Normal Scope:-
2.  Multicast Scope:-
3.  Super Scope:-

DHCP Relay Agent:- 
Suppose I have two subnets that is subnet A and subnet B and both subnets are connected to a Router. I have a DHCP Server in Subnet A. I configure two scopes in DHCP Server i.e.  Scope A for Subnet A and Scope B for subnet B. I want to configure that all the computers in Subnet B receive the IP Addresses from DHCP Server That Is Located in Subnet A. But my Router is not RFC 1542 (Request for Comment) compatible in that case I will install a DHCP relay Agent in Subnet B.

Scope Option:-Scope Option provides the additional TCP/IP configuration of any DHCP client in the network such as the IP Address of DNS Server, WINS Server, Router etc. There are four types of scope option:
1.  Server Level:-
2.  Scope Level:-
3.  Class Level:-
4.  Reserved Client Level:-


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